# We are Titanium Dioxide Manufacturer # TiO2 For Printed Ink
Crystal Structure
Titanium dioxide has three crystalline forms in nature: rutile, anatase and plate titanium. The plate titanium type belongs to the rhombohedral crystal system, which is an unstable crystal type, and it is transformed into rutile type above 650℃, so it has no practical value in industry. Anatase is stable at room temperature, but at high temperatures to rutile transformation. Its transformation strength depends on the manufacturing method and calcination process whether to add inhibitors or accelerators and other conditions.
It is generally believed that the crystalline transformation is almost not carried out below 165℃, and the transformation is very fast when it exceeds 730℃. Rutile is the most stable crystalline form of titanium dioxide, with a dense structure and a higher hardness, density, dielectric constant and refractive index compared to anatase. Both rutile and anatase belong to the tetragonal crystal system, but have different crystal lattices and thus different X-ray images, with the diffraction angle of anatase titanium dioxide located at 25.5° and that of rutile at 27.5°. Rutile crystals are elongated, prismatic and usually twinned, while anatase is generally close to a regular octahedron.
Rutile compared to anatase, because its unit lattice is composed of two titanium dioxide molecules and anatase is composed of four titanium dioxide molecules, so its unit lattice is smaller and tighter, so it has greater stability and relative density, so it has a higher refractive index and dielectric constant and lower thermal conductivity.
Among the three isomers of titanium dioxide, only rutile is the most stable, and only rutile can be obtained by thermal conversion. Natural plate titanite is converted to rutile above 650℃, and anatase can also be converted to rutile at about 915℃.
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