Polyethylene terephthalate is a clear, strong, and lightweight plastic widely used for packaging foods and beverages. The essential elements of PET are ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid, combined to form a polymer chain.
PET was first created in the mid-1940s by DuPont chemists attempting to develop new synthetic fibers. DuPont later labeled its PET fiber as "Dacron." Now, more than half of the world's synthetic fiber is made from PET. Polyethylene terephthalate is called polyester when used as a fiber or fabric. When used for packaging or other applications, it is called PET or PET resin.
Polyethylene terephthalate is made from ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol is usually called "MEG," standing for monoethylene glycol. PET is made from a combination of MEG and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) (C6H4(CO2CH3)2) but primarily terephthalic acid, also called "PTA" for purified terephthalic acid.
As of 2022, ethylene glycol is made from natural gas, and terephthalic acid comes from p-xylene created from crude oil. An antimony or titanium compound is usually employed as a catalyst, a phosphite is added as a stabilizer, and a bluing agent such as cobalt salt is added to mask potential yellowing.
After PET is made in a chemical reaction, the resulting spaghetti-like strands are extruded to be processed and manufactured. The strands cool and are cut into small pellets. The resin pellets c
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